Decorating Hex function to pad zeros

I wrote this simple function:

def padded_hex(i, l):
    given_int = i
    given_len = l

    hex_result = hex(given_int)[2:] # remove '0x' from beginning of str
    num_hex_chars = len(hex_result)
    extra_zeros = '0' * (given_len - num_hex_chars) # may not get used..

    return ('0x' + hex_result if num_hex_chars == given_len else
            '?' * given_len if num_hex_chars > given_len else
            '0x' + extra_zeros + hex_result if num_hex_chars < given_len else
            None)

Examples:

padded_hex(42,4) # result '0x002a'
hex(15) # result '0xf'
padded_hex(15,1) # result '0xf'

Whilst this is clear enough for me and fits my use case (a simple test tool for a simple printer) I can’t help thinking there’s a lot of room for improvement and this could be squashed down to something very concise.

What other approaches are there to this problem?

Answers:

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Method 1

Use the new .format() string method:

>>> "{0:#0{1}x}".format(42,6)
'0x002a'

Explanation:

{   # Format identifier
0:  # first parameter
#   # use "0x" prefix
0   # fill with zeroes
{1} # to a length of n characters (including 0x), defined by the second parameter
x   # hexadecimal number, using lowercase letters for a-f
}   # End of format identifier

If you want the letter hex digits uppercase but the prefix with a lowercase ‘x’, you’ll need a slight workaround:

>>> '0x{0:0{1}X}'.format(42,4)
'0x002A'

Starting with Python 3.6, you can also do this:

>>> value = 42
>>> padding = 6
>>> f"{value:#0{padding}x}"
'0x002a'

Method 2

How about this:

print '0x%04x' % 42

Method 3

"{:02x}".format(7)   # '07'
"{:02x}".format(27)  # '1b'

Where

• : is the start of the formatting specification for the first argument {} to .format()
• 02 means “pad the input from the left with 0s to length 2“
• x means “format as hex with lowercase letters”

You can also do this with f-strings:

f"{7:02x}"   # '07'
f"{27:02x}"  # '1b'

Method 4

If just for leading zeros, you can try zfill function.

'0x' + hex(42)[2:].zfill(4) #'0x002a'

Method 5

Use * to pass width and X for uppercase

print '0x%0*X' % (4,42) # '0x002A'

As suggested by georg and Ashwini Chaudhary

Method 6

Suppose you want to have leading zeros for hexadecimal number, for example you want 7 digit where your hexadecimal number should be written on, you can do like that :

hexnum = 0xfff
str_hex =  hex(hexnum).rstrip("L").lstrip("0x") or "0"
'0'* (7 - len(str_hexnum)) + str_hexnum

This gives as a result :

'0000fff'

Method 7

None of the answers are dealing well with negative numbers…
Try this:

val = 42
nbits = 16
'{:04X}'.format(val & ((1 << nbits)-1))

All methods was sourced from stackoverflow.com or stackexchange.com, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5, cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0