In comparison to Java (in a string), you would do something like "First LinernSecond Line".
So how would you do that in Python, for purposes of writing multiple lines to a regular file?
Answers:
Thank you for visiting the Q&A section on Magenaut. Please note that all the answers may not help you solve the issue immediately. So please treat them as advisements. If you found the post helpful (or not), leave a comment & I’ll get back to you as soon as possible.
Method 1
It depends on how correct you want to be. n will usually do the job. If you really want to get it right, you look up the newline character in the os package. (It’s actually called linesep.)
Note: when writing to files using the Python API, do not use the os.linesep. Just use n; Python automatically translates that to the proper newline character for your platform.
Method 2
The new line character is n. It is used inside a string.
Example:
print('First line n Second line')
where n is the newline character.
This would yield the result:
First line Second line
If you use Python 2, you do not use the parentheses on the print function.
Method 3
You can either write in the new lines separately or within a single string, which is easier.
Example 1
Input
line1 = "hello how are you" line2 = "I am testing the new line escape sequence" line3 = "this seems to work"
You can write the ‘n’ separately:
file.write(line1)
file.write("n")
file.write(line2)
file.write("n")
file.write(line3)
file.write("n")
Output
hello how are you I am testing the new line escape sequence this seems to work
Example 2
Input
As others have pointed out in the previous answers, place the n at the relevant points in your string:
line = "hello how are younI am testing the new line escape sequencenthis seems to work" file.write(line)
Output
hello how are you I am testing the new line escape sequence this seems to work
Method 4
Platform independent line breaker: Linux,windows & IOS
import os
keyword = 'physical'+ os.linesep + 'distancing'
print(keyword)
Output:
physical
distancing
Method 5
EDIT: I am older and wiser now. Here is a more readable solution that will work correctly even if you aren’t at top level indentation (e.g. in a function definition).
import textwrap
file.write(textwrap.dedent("""
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
And then is heard no more: it is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
Signifying nothing.
"""))
original answer
If you are entering several lines of text at once, I find this to be the most readable format.
file.write("
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor playern
That struts and frets his hour upon the stagen
And then is heard no more: it is a talen
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,n
Signifying nothing.n
")
The at the end of each line escapes the new line (which would cause an error).
Method 6
Simplest solution
If you only call print without any arguments, it will output a blank line.
You can pipe the output to a file like this (considering your example):
f = open('out.txt', 'w')
print 'First line' >> f
print >> f
print 'Second line' >> f
f.close()
Not only is it OS-agnostic (without even having to use the os package), it’s also more readable than putting n within strings.
Explanation
The print() function has an optional keyword argument for the end of the string, called end, which defaults to the OS’s newline character, for eg. n. So, when you’re calling print('hello'), Python is actually printing 'hello' + 'n'. Which means that when you’re calling just print without any arguments, it’s actually printing '' + 'n', which results in a newline.
Alternative
Use multi-line strings.
s = """First line
Second line
Third line"""
f = open('out.txt', 'w')
print s >> f
f.close()
Method 7
In Python you can just use the new-line character, i.e. n
Method 8
As mentioned in other answers: “The new line character is n. It is used inside a string”.
I found the most simple and readable way is to use the “format” function, using nl as the name for a new line, and break the string you want to print to the exact format you going to print it:
python2:
print("line1{nl}"
"line2{nl}"
"line3".format(nl="n"))
python3:
nl = "n"
print(f"line1{nl}"
f"line2{nl}"
f"line3")
That will output:
line1 line2 line3
This way it performs the task, and also gives high readability of the code 🙂
Method 9
The same way with 'n', though you’d probably not need the 'r'. Is there a reason you have it in your Java version? If you do need/want it, you can use it in the same way in Python too.
Method 10
Worth noting that when you inspect a string using the interactive python shell or a Jupyter notebook, the n and other backslashed strings like t are rendered literally:
>>> gotcha = 'Here is some random message...'
>>> gotcha += 'nAdditional content:nt{}'.format('Yet even more great stuff!')
>>> gotcha
'Here is some random message...nAdditional content:ntYet even more great stuff!'
The newlines, tabs, and other special non-printed characters are rendered as whitespace only when printed, or written to a file:
>>> print('{}'.format(gotcha))
Here is some random message...
Additional content:
Yet even more great stuff!
Method 11
Most escape characters in string literals from Java are also valid in Python, such as “r” and “n”.
Method 12
n – simple newline character insertion works:
# Here's the test example - string with newline char: In [36]: test_line = "Hi!!!n testing first line.. n testing second line.. n and third line....." # Output: In [37]: print(test_line) Hi!!! testing first line.. testing second line.. and third line.....
Method 13
"{}n{}n{}".format(
"line1",
"line2",
"line3"
)
personally prefer this format
Method 14
In Python 3, the language takes care of encoding newlines for you in the platform’s native representation. That means rn on Windows, and just n on grown-up systems.
Even on U*x systems, reading a file with Windows line endings in text mode returns correct results for text, i.e. any r characters before the n characters are silently dropped.
If you need total control over the bytes in the file, you can use binary mode. Then every byte corresponds exactly to one byte, and Python performs no translation.
>>> # Write a file with different line endings, using binary mode for full control
>>> with open('/tmp/demo.txt', 'wb') as wf:
... wf.write(b'DOS linern')
... wf.write(b'U*x linen')
... wf.write(b'no line')
10
9
7
>>> # Read the file as text
>>> with open('/tmp/demo.txt', 'r') as text:
... for line in text:
... print(line, end='')
DOS line
U*x line
no line
>>> # Or more demonstrably
>>> with open('/tmp/demo.txt', 'r') as text:
... for line in text:
... print(repr(line))
'DOS linen'
'U*x linen'
'no line'
>>> # Back to bytes!
>>> with open('/tmp/demo.txt', 'rb') as binary:
... for line in binary:
... print(line)
b'DOS linern'
b'U*x linen'
b'no line'
>>> # Open in binary, but convert back to text
>>> with open('/tmp/demo.txt', 'rb') as binary:
... for line in binary:
... print(line.decode('utf-8'), end='')
DOS line
U*x line
no line
>>> # Or again in more detail, with repr()
>>> with open('/tmp/demo.txt', 'rb') as binary:
... for line in binary:
... print(repr(line.decode('utf-8')))
'DOS linern'
'U*x linen'
'no line'
Method 15
n separates the lines of a string. In the following example, I keep writing the records in a loop. Each record is separated by n.
f = open("jsonFile.txt", "w")
for row_index in range(2, sheet.nrows):
mydict1 = {
"PowerMeterId" : row_index + 1,
"Service": "Electricity",
"Building": "JTC FoodHub",
"Floor": str(Floor),
"Location": Location,
"ReportType": "Electricity",
"System": System,
"SubSystem": "",
"Incomer": "",
"Category": "",
"DisplayName": DisplayName,
"Description": Description,
"Tag": tag,
"IsActive": 1,
"DataProviderType": int(0),
"DataTable": ""
}
mydict1.pop("_id", None)
f.write(str(mydict1) + 'n')
f.close()
All methods was sourced from stackoverflow.com or stackexchange.com, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5, cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0