I’m using Python 3.2. Tried this:
xor = lambda x,y: (x+y)%2 l = reduce(xor, [1,2,3,4])
And got the following error:
l = reduce(xor, [1,2,3,4]) NameError: name 'reduce' is not defined
Tried printing reduce into interactive console – got this error:
NameError: name 'reduce' is not defined
Is reduce really removed in Python 3.2? If that’s the case, what’s the alternative?
Answers:
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Method 1
It was moved to functools.
Method 2
You can add
from functools import reduce
before you use the reduce.
Method 3
Or if you use the six library
from six.moves import reduce
Method 4
In this case I believe that the following is equivalent:
l = sum([1,2,3,4]) % 2
The only problem with this is that it creates big numbers, but maybe that is better than repeated modulo operations?
Method 5
you need to install and import reduce from functools python package
Method 6
Reduce function is not defined in the Python built-in function.
So first, you should import the reduce function
from functools import reduce
All methods was sourced from stackoverflow.com or stackexchange.com, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5, cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0