Here is my code:
import imaplib
from email.parser import HeaderParser
conn = imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('imap.gmail.com')
conn.login('<a href="https://getridbug.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="54312c3539243831143339353d387a373b39">[email protected]</a>', 'password')
conn.select()
conn.search(None, 'ALL')
data = conn.fetch('1', '(BODY[HEADER])')
header_data = data[1][0][1].decode('utf-8')
at this point I get the error message
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'decode'
Python 3 doesn’t have decode anymore, am I right? how can I fix this?
Also, in:
data = conn.fetch('1', '(BODY[HEADER])')
I am selecting only the 1st email. How do I select all?
Answers:
Thank you for visiting the Q&A section on Magenaut. Please note that all the answers may not help you solve the issue immediately. So please treat them as advisements. If you found the post helpful (or not), leave a comment & I’ll get back to you as soon as possible.
Method 1
You are trying to decode an object that is already decoded. You have a str, there is no need to decode from UTF-8 anymore.
Simply drop the .decode('utf-8') part:
header_data = data[1][0][1]
As for your fetch() call, you are explicitly asking for just the first message. Use a range if you want to retrieve more messages. See the documentation:
The message_set options to commands below is a string specifying one or more messages to be acted upon. It may be a simple message number (
'1'), a range of message numbers ('2:4'), or a group of non-contiguous ranges separated by commas ('1:3,6:9'). A range can contain an asterisk to indicate an infinite upper bound ('3:*').
Method 2
If you land here using jwt authentication after the PyJWT v2.0.0 release (22/12/2020), you might want to freeze your version of PyJWT to the previous release in your requirements.txt file.
PyJWT==1.7.1
Method 3
Begining with Python 3, all strings are unicode objects.
a = 'Happy New Year' # Python 3
b = unicode('Happy New Year') # Python 2
The instructions above are the same. So I think you should remove the .decode('utf-8') part because you already have a unicode object.
Method 4
Use it by this Method:
str.encode().decode()
Method 5
In Python 3, this mental model is pretty straight-forward:
- Encoding is the process of converting a
strto abytesobject - Decoding is the process of converting a
bytesobject to astr
┏━━━━━━━┓ ┏━━━━━━━┓ ┃ ┃ -> encoding -> ┃ ┃ ┃ str ┃ ┃ bytes ┃ ┃ ┃ <- decoding <- ┃ ┃ ┗━━━━━━━┛ ┗━━━━━━━┛
In your case, you are calling data.decode("UTF-8") , but the variable is already a str object and is already decoded. So just refer to data directly if a string is what you need.
Method 6
For Python3
html = """\u003Cdiv id=\u0022contenedor\u0022\u003E \u003Ch2 class=\u0022text-left m-b-2\u0022\u003EInformaci\u00f3n del veh\u00edculo de patente AA345AA\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\n\n\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel panel-default panel-disabled m-b-2\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-body\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ch2 class=\u0022table_title m-b-2\u0022\u003EInformaci\u00f3n del Registro Automotor\u003C\/h2\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022col-md-6\u0022\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003ERegistro Seccional\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003ESAN MIGUEL N\u00b0 1\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003EDirecci\u00f3n\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EMAESTRO ANGEL D\u0027ELIA 766\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003EPiso\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EPB\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003EDepartamento\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E-\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003EC\u00f3digo postal\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E1663\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022col-md-6\u0022\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003ELocalidad\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003ESAN MIGUEL\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003EProvincia\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EBUENOS AIRES\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003ETel\u00e9fono\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E(11)46646647\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003Clabel class=\u0022control-label\u0022\u003EHorario\u003C\/label\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E08:30 a 12:30\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E \n\n\u003Cp class=\u0022text-center m-t-3 m-b-1 hidden-print\u0022\u003E\n \u003Ca href=\u0022javascript:window.print();\u0022 class=\u0022btn btn-default\u0022\u003EImprim\u00ed la consulta\u003C\/a\u003E \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\n \u003Ca href=\u0022\u0022 class=\u0022btn use-ajax btn-primary\u0022\u003EHacer otra consulta\u003C\/a\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E"""
print(html.replace("\/", "/").encode().decode('unicode_escape'))
Method 7
I’m not familiar with the library, but if your problem is that you don’t want a byte array, one easy way is to specify an encoding type straight in a cast:
>>> my_byte_str b'Hello World' >>> str(my_byte_str, 'utf-8') 'Hello World'
Method 8
It s already decoded in Python3, Try directly it should work.
Method 9
Use codecs module’s open() to read file:
import codecs with codecs.open(file_name, 'r', encoding='utf-8', errors='ignore') as fdata:
Method 10
This worked for me:
html.replace("\/", "/").encode().decode('unicode_escape', 'surrogatepass')
This is similar to json.loads(html) behaviour
Method 11
If anyone getting the same error while participating in Kaggle for a Logistic REgre, here is the solution :
logmodel = LogisticRegression(solver='liblinear')
Method 12
Other answers sort of hint at it, but the problem may arise from expecting a bytes object. In Python 3, decode is valid when you have an object of class bytes. Running encode before decode may “fix” the problem, but it is a useless pair of operations that suggest the problem us upstream.
Method 13
I got ‘str’ object has no attribute ‘decode’ while creating JWT access_token using Flask_JWT_extended package.
To fix this issue, I upgraded my Flask-JWT-Extended package to Flask-JWT-Extended==4.1.0
For Reference:
Please Visit this page: https://flask-jwt-extended.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
Method 14
If you are working with Django and simple-jwt:
Here is your 100% solution
pip install PyJWT==1.7.1
Method 15
my case may have been a bit rare but I was working with django and my project was running locally but not when I deployed it, it seemed as though I was getting multiple dependency errors because I was doing: pip freeze > requirements.txt doing this fixed the issue:
pip3 freeze > requirements.txt
Method 16
First install suitable JWT
pip3 install PyJWT
then in your code
token.encode().decode('UTF-8')
this worked me, I think this will help you
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