How to easily build your own Linux Distro?

I wanted to have a go at creating my very own Linux Distribution. Could you suggest some nice and easy-to-follow tutorials (preferably text based and not videos).
I have heard something about Arch Linux but I don’t know how to go from there. What do I need?

Answers:

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Method 1

Take a look on Linux From Scratch, LFS they have a tutorial which teaches you how to build your own Linux System, once you understood that you can select a package manager and a set of packages hence creating your own distro.

A thing to make the answer a bit more complete, ArchLinux is a Linux Distribuition which uses almost 100% vanilla packages. This means almost no patching is done by the distro mantainers. Also it does not have a default set of packages as *buntu distros do.

These characteristics make Arch a very customizable distro. It is your “own distro” in the sense that it is your own setup. But not as in LFS where it is your own kernel, modules, packages…

Method 2

The Yocto Project is a “distribution builder”.

There is extensive documentation and a graphical builder, called Hob.

Update as of 2017

According to the Yocto website the Hob project is being deprecated and the replacement is called Toaster.

Method 3

Part of the answer depends on what you mean by your own distro. if you mean a version of Linux custom built to your own purposes for you to use on your own machines, or even in your own office, there are a couple of pretty cool tools that allow you to customize existing distributions that are known working.

http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Installation_Guide-en-US/ch-kickstart2.html covers kickstart installations of CentOS (also applies to Scientific, Fedora and RedHat.) There’s also http://susestudio.com/ which allows you to make a customized installation disk of SuSe Linux, meaning you can get the packages you want installed right off the bat. The advantage to this method, more so with the kickstart, is that you can choose individual packages and leave out whatever fluff you don’t want to bother with, but also get the advantages of knowing that updated packages will be available to you and work without a significant amount of testing and overhead on your part.

If you’re just looking to make it look the way you want to look, custom splash screens, logos, etc, there are a ton of guides available for making these kinds of changes.

Now, if you really just want to get nuts and bolts and really do up your own thing, then the suggestion by @vfbsilva to look at LFS is irreplaceable. You really do learn how things get put together and what the requirements are to make Linux … well, Linux. However, doing this a couple of times was just enough for me personally to realize I didn’t want to have to deal with rebuilding every package that had a security update released on a weekly basis. 🙂

Method 4

You can follow LFS (http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/) to create a new linux distro from scratch.
But I advice you create a new linux distro base on an exist linux distro.This will save you much time!
You can customize Debian or Ubuntu to create your linux distro.
The key of customize Debian or Ubuntu is preseed file.
Pleas take a look at:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCDCustomization
https://help.ubuntu.com/lts/installation-guide/i386/appendix-preseed.html
https://wiki.debian.org/DebianInstaller/Preseed
Of course you can customize Fedora etc.But I am not good at customizing those linux distros.

Method 5

Need to knows:

• I am using TinyCoreLinux for this example.
  Sorry if I’m replying to a really old thread, But there is a way to do this (and I prefer doing this too.)
• Please put comments
• These Ubuntu-named packages are required: qemu-system, qemu, qemu-efi, qemu-kvm, wget, and p7zip-full
• Your Distro will be in a zipped file, not an ISO but you can deploy it to a Sd-Card or a Usb stick

Step-by-step instructions

1. Download TinyCoreLinux rootfs:

   wget -O tinycore.gz http://tinycorelinux.net/9.x/x86_64/release/distribution_files/rootfs64.gz
   

2. Extract rootfs using p7zip:

   7z x tinycore.gz
   mkdir -p linux/tinycore
   7z x tinycore -olinux/tinycore
   rm tinycore.gz tinycore
   

3. Put Linux into image (abc does not need to be replaced)

   dd if=/dev/zero of=MyLinux.img bs=1M count=384 status=progress
   mkfs.vfat MyLinux.img
   sudo mount MyLinux.img /mnt
   cd linux/tinycore
   sudo cp * /mnt -rv
   cd ..
   sudo umount /mnt
   

4. Create Virtual Machine with snapshot (IMPORTANT!)
   If you don’t create a virtual machine, it may be hard to delete the chroot. It says permission denied and you need recovery mode.
   The Virtual Machine can be any Debian based distro. It can also be TinyCore. You just need an up-to-date kernel.

   qemu-img create -f qcow2 customizer.qc2 16G
   sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom /path/to/iso/for/building.iso -hda customizer.qc2 
   -boot menu=on -m 1536 --enable-kvm -hdb MyLinux.qc2
   

Now you need to run the commands in the Virtual Machine!

5. Chroot into system (xyz does not need to be replaced)

   sudo mount /dev/sdb /mnt/xyz
   sudo chroot /mnt/xyz
   

6. Install packages, customize filesystem

   tce-load -wi packages.tcz to.tcz install.tcz 
   

7. Shut down virtual machine, now run commands on host

   sudo poweroff
   

8. Create zip file of OS

   sudo mount MyLinux.img /mnt
   cd /mnt
   mkdir ~/linuximage
   sudo cp -r * -v ~/linuximage
   sudo chown $(whoami):$(whoami) ~/linuximage --recursive
   sudo chmod 777 ~/linuximage --recursive
   cd ~/linuximage
   zip -r ~/mylinuxdistro.zip .
   cd 
   

9. Distribute and share!

Method 6

You may also be interested in taking a look at creating Fedora “spins”: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/How_to_create_and_use_a_Live_CD

All methods was sourced from stackoverflow.com or stackexchange.com, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5, cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0