Python replace string pattern with output of function

I have a string in Python, say The quick @red fox jumps over the @lame brown dog.

I’m trying to replace each of the words that begin with @ with the output of a function that takes the word as an argument.

def my_replace(match):
    return match + str(match.index('e'))

#Psuedo-code

string = "The quick @red fox jumps over the @lame brown dog."
string.replace('@%match', my_replace(match))

# Result
"The quick @red2 fox jumps over the @lame4 brown dog."

Is there a clever way to do this?

Answers:

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Method 1

You can pass a function to re.sub. The function will receive a match object as the argument, use .group() to extract the match as a string.

>>> def my_replace(match):
...     match = match.group()
...     return match + str(match.index('e'))
...
>>> string = "The quick @red fox jumps over the @lame brown dog."
>>> re.sub(r'@w+', my_replace, string)
'The quick @red2 fox jumps over the @lame4 brown dog.'

Method 2

I wasn’t aware you could pass a function to a re.sub() either. Riffing on @Janne Karila’s answer to solve a problem I had, the approach works for multiple capture groups, too.

import re

def my_replace(match):
    match1 = match.group(1)
    match2 = match.group(2)
    match2 = match2.replace('@', '')
    return u"{0:0.{1}f}".format(float(match1), int(match2))

string = 'The first number is <a href="https://getridbug.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="e9d8ddc7dba9d8">[email protected]</a>, and the second number is <a href="https://getridbug.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="6a5f5a445c2a5e44">[email protected]</a>'
result = re.sub(r'([0-9]+.[0-9]+)(@[0-9]+)', my_replace, string)

print(result)

Output:

The first number is 14.2, and the second number is 50.6000.

This simple example requires all capture groups be present (no optional groups).

Method 3

Try:

import re

match = re.compile(r"@w+")
items = re.findall(match, string)
for item in items:
    string = string.replace(item, my_replace(item)

This will allow you to replace anything that starts with @ with whatever the output of your function is.
I wasn’t very clear if you need help with the function as well. Let me know if that’s the case

Method 4

A short one with regex and reduce:

>>> import re
>>> pat = r'@w+'
>>> reduce(lambda s, m: s.replace(m, m + str(m.index('e'))), re.findall(pat, string), string)
'The quick @red2 fox jumps over the @lame4 brown dog.'

All methods was sourced from stackoverflow.com or stackexchange.com, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5, cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0