What user should apache and PHP be running as? What permissions should /var/www files have?

I just spun up an Ubuntu 11.10 box and then ran apt-get install apache2 php5 to install apache2 and PHP 5 on the box. Now it is functioning as a “web server” and it loads the “It Works!” page. Now I’m trying to tighten up security and I have the following questions about linux web servers:

When and how was the double-dash (–) introduced as an end of options delimiter in Unix/Linux?

I don’t think the shell/utilities in historical Unix nor in something as “recent” as 4.4BSD supported using a double-dash(or two consecutive hyphens) as an end of options delimiter. With FreeBSD, you can see for instance a note introduced in the rm manpages with the 2.2.1 release(1997). But this is just the documentation for one command.

How to print the longest line in a file?

I’m looking for the simplest method to print the longest line in a file. I did some googling and surprisingly couldn’t seem to find an answer. I frequently print the length of the longest line in a file, but I don’t know how to actually print the longest line. Can anyone provide a solution to print the longest line in a file? Thanks in advance.