How do I append/prepend a timestamp to grep output?

I am running a small linux server at home, and I am writing a script to log the temperature of the CPU cores every 5 seconds, but I need timestamps for it to be useful. So far I have something that saves the output of the sensors command into a file, and I have a command that prints the date and time. I just need to figure out how to combine those two.

Full file date (without GNU utilities)

I am trying to obtain the full date (created or modified) of a particular file for passing to another program. I have tried variations of options with the ls command but none provide a full date for files less than 6 months old and I have limit usage of the options. When I try certain options I have seen trying to research this I get the following message: