USB flash drives automatically mounted (headless computer)

For the project SamplerBox, up to now I was using /dev/sda1 /media auto nofail 0 0 to have USB flash drives automatically mounted when inserted on the headless computer, see also Auto-mount and auto-remount with /etc/fstab. But this seems not very reliable, for example, when an USB flash drive is removed, and then re-inserted.

What lightweight and easy-to-configure solution is available in Debian to automatically mount every /dev/sd* device to /media/?

If a second flash drive is plugged, ignore or mount to another folder /media2/
If a drive is removed (even without a proper umount), and then re-inserted a few minutes later it should be mounted again

The use case is a headless device on which the end user can plug USB flash drives, and it should be always recognized (no matter if they removed the previous USB flash drive without asking permission in the software).

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Answers:

Method 1

Answers:

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Method 1

Based on @FelixJN’s comment, I slightly modified this excellent guide by
Andrea Fortuna according to my needs and here is the solution:

Create a file /root/usb-mount.sh containing this (and add +x permission):

#!/bin/bash
ACTION=$1
DEVBASE=$2
DEVICE="/dev/${DEVBASE}"
MOUNT_POINT=$(/bin/mount | /bin/grep ${DEVICE} | /usr/bin/awk '{ print $3 }')  # See if this drive is already mounted
case "${ACTION}" in
    add)
        if [[ -n ${MOUNT_POINT} ]]; then exit 1; fi          # Already mounted, exit
        eval $(/sbin/blkid -o udev ${DEVICE})                # Get info for this drive: $ID_FS_LABEL, $ID_FS_UUID, and $ID_FS_TYPE
        OPTS="rw,relatime"                                   # Global mount options
        if [[ ${ID_FS_TYPE} == "vfat" ]]; then OPTS+=",users,gid=100,umask=000,shortname=mixed,utf8=1,flush"; fi     # File system type specific mount options
        if ! /bin/mount -o ${OPTS} ${DEVICE} /media/; then exit 1; fi          # Error during mount process: cleanup mountpoint
        ;;
    remove)
        if [[ -n ${MOUNT_POINT} ]]; then /bin/umount -l ${DEVICE}; fi
        ;;
esac

Create a file /etc/systemd/system/[email protected] containing:

[Unit]
Description=Mount USB Drive on %i

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=true
ExecStart=/root/usb-mount.sh add %i
ExecStop=/root/usb-mount.sh remove %i

Create a file /etc/udev/rules.d/99-local.rules containing:

KERNEL=="sd[a-z][0-9]", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ACTION=="add", RUN+="/bin/systemctl start <a href="https://getridbug.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d3a6a0b1febebca6bda793">[email protected]</a>%k.service"
KERNEL=="sd[a-z][0-9]", SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", ACTION=="remove", RUN+="/bin/systemctl stop <a href="https://getridbug.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="215452430c4c4e544f5561">[email protected]</a>%k.service"

Restart the rules:

 udevadm control --reload-rules
 systemctl daemon-reload

Plug a USB flash drive. It should be mounted to /media/.

All methods was sourced from stackoverflow.com or stackexchange.com, is licensed under cc by-sa 2.5, cc by-sa 3.0 and cc by-sa 4.0

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