What is a symbolic link made from? Understanding the structure of symlinks

I use Ubuntu 15.10 and I’m very new in Linux. After reading in Wikipedia what is a symbolic link in general, and after executing a symlink creation command in the Ubuntu Unix-bash terminal, I ought to better understand the structure of a symlink I worked with several times when creating (and “destroying”) Ubuntu learning environments.

How to fix boot into initramfs prompt and “mount: can’t read ‘/etc/fstab’: No such file or directory” and “No init found”?

Installing a new system using a GPT partitioned disk dedicated to a single partition, ext4 formatted, extlinux (version 4.05) as bootloader, Ubuntu Core version 13.10 amd64 as rootfs, and Ubuntu linux-image-3.11.0-18-generic as kernel, and extlinux-update to generate bootloader configuration.